Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), World Health Organization
|
|
Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), World Health Organization
|
Socio-Economic and Demographic Indicators
Population growth rate:
Urban population:
Sex ratio:
Females 15-49:
Females 15-19:
Births per year:
Crude birth rate:
Infant mortality rate:
Male child mortality (under age 5 years):
Female child mortality (under age 5 years):
Crude death rate:
Male life expectancy at birth:
Female life expectancy at birth:
Net male primary school enrolment ratio:
Net female primary school enrolment ratio:
Gross National Income (GNI) per capita:
Reproductive Health Indicators The numbered indicators were short-listed as reproductive health indicators for global monitoring. A few other indicators have been added for interest.
1. Total fertility rate.
2. Contraceptive prevalence rate (any method).
3. Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR).
4. Antenatal care coverage.
5. Births attended by skilled health personnel
6. Availability of basic essential obstetric care.
7. Availability of comprehensive essential obstetric care.
8. Perinatal mortality rate.
9. Low birth weight prevalence.
10. Prevalence of positive syphilis serology in pregnant women.
11. Prevalence of anaemia in women.
12. Percentage of obstetric and gynaecological admissions owing to abortion.
13. Reported prevalence of women with female genital mutilation (FGM).
14. Prevalence of infertility in women.
15. Reported incidence of urethritis in men.
16. HIV prevalence in pregnant women.
17. Knowledge of HIV-related prevention practices.
Additional Reproductive Health Indicators
Maternal deaths (ICD 10 definition).
Lifetime risk of maternal death.
Proportion of maternal deaths.
Proportion of adults living with HIV/AIDS.
Total population:
De facto population in a country, area or region as of 1 July of the year indicated. Figures are presented in thousands.
Source: World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, 2003.http://esa.un.org/unpp
Average exponential rate of growth of the population over a given period. It is calculated as ln(Pt/P0)/t where t is the length of the period. It is expressed as a percentage.
Source: World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, 2003.http://esa.un.org/unpp
Urban population as a percentage of the total population.
Source: World Population Prospects: The 2001 Revision. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, 2002.http://esa.un.org/unpp
Number of males per 100 females in the population.
Source: World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, 2003.http://esa.un.org/unpp
Number of women aged 15-49 as of 1 July of the year indicated, presented in thousands.
Source: World Population Prospects: The 2003 Revision. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, 2003.http://esa.un.org/unpp
De facto female population aged 15-19 as of 1 July of the year indicated. Data are presented in thousands.
Source: World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, 2003.http://esa.un.org/unpp
Annual number of births. Refers to the annual interpolated values running from 1 January to 31 December. Data are presented in thousands.
Source: World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, 2003.http://esa.un.org/unpp
Number of births over a given period divided by the person-years lived by the population over that period. It is expressed as number of births per 1,000 population.
Source: World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, 2003.http://esa.un.org/unpp
Probability of dying between birth and exact age 1. It is expressed as deaths per 1,000 births.
Source: World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, 2003.http://esa.un.org/unpp
Refers to male child mortality risk, which is defined as the probability of dying before age 5 (5q0). It is expressed as deaths per 1,000 male births.
Source: The World Health Report 2003. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003.http://www.who.int/whr/en/
Note: Figures were computed by WHO to assure comparability; please note that in some cases these estimates are not necessarily the official statistics of WHO Member States which may use alternative rigorous methods to generate related figures.
Refers to female child mortality risk, which is defined as the probability of dying before age 5 (5q0). It is expressed as deaths per 1,000 female births.
Source: The World Health Report 2003. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003 http://www.who.int/whr/en/
Note: Figures were computed by WHO to assure comparability; please note that in some cases these estimates are not necessarily the official statistics of WHO Member States which may use alternative rigorous methods to generate related figures.
Number of deaths over a given period divided by the person-years lived by the population over that period. It is expressed as number of deaths per 1,000.
Source: World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, 2003.http://esa.un.org/unpp
The average number of years of life that a male can expect to live if they experience the current mortality rate of the population at each age. It is expressed as years.
Source: The World Health Report 2003. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003.http://www.who.int/whr/en/
Note: Figures were computed by WHO to assure comparability; please note that in some cases these estimates are not necessarily the official statistics of WHO Member States which may use alternative rigorous methods to generate related figures.
The average number of years of life that a female can expect to live if they experience the current mortality rate of the population at each age. It is expressed as years.
Source: The World Health Report 2003. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003.http://www.who.int/whr/en/
Note: Figures were computed by WHO to assure comparability; please note that in some cases these estimates are not necessarily the official statistics of WHO Member States which may use alternative rigorous methods to generate related figures.
The number of male children enrolled in primary school who belong to the age group that officially corresponds to primary schooling, divided by the total population of the same age group. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Source: The State of the World's Children 2004. New York, United Nations Children's Fund, 2003. http://www.unicef.org/UNICEF attributes the source of these data to UNESCO Institute of Statistics, including the Education for All 2000 Assessment. http://www.uis.unesco.org/
The number of female children enrolled in primary school who belong to the age group that officially corresponds to primary schooling, divided by the total population of the same age group. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Source: The State of the World's Children 2004. New York, United Nations Children's Fund, 2003. http://www.unicef.org/UNICEF attributes the source of these data to UNESCO Institute of Statistics, including the Education for All 2000 Assessment. http://www.uis.unesco.org/
GNI (formerly referred to as gross national product, or GNP) measures the total domestic and foreign value added claimed by residents. The World Bank uses GNI per capita in U.S. dollars to classify countries for analytical purposes and to determine borrowing eligibility. When calculating GNI in U.S. dollars from GNI reported in national currencies, the World Bank follows its Atlas conversion method.
Source: The World Development Indicators 2003. Washington, DC, The World Bank, 2003. http://www.worldbank.org/data/
Total number of children a woman would have by the end of her reproductive period if she experienced the currently prevailing age-specific fertility rates throughout her childbearing life.
Source: World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, 2003.
http://esa.un.org/unpp
Percentage of women of reproductive age (15-49) who are using (or whose partner is using) a contraceptive method* at a particular point in time.
*Contraceptive methods include female and male sterilisation, injectable and oral hormones, intrauterine devices, diaphragms, spermicides and condoms, natural family planning and lactational amenorrhoea where cited as a method.
Source: World Contraceptive Use 2001. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations, 2002.
http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/contraceptive2001/contraception01.htm
Note: the data provided by the above source confines the contraceptive prevalence rate to women aged 15-49 who are in a marital or consensual union.
Annual number of maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, global estimates.
Source: Maternal Mortality in 2000, Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004 (in press).
http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/
Note: The MMRs have been rounded according to the following scheme: less than 100: no rounding; Greater or equal 1000: rounded to nearest 100. Additional information including confidence intervals for estimates are available in the above publication.
Percentage of women attended, at least once during pregnancy, by skilled health personnel* for reasons relating to pregnancy.
*Skilled health personnel refers to doctor (specialist or non-specialist), and/or persons with midwifery skills who can manage normal deliveries and diagnose or refer obstetric complications. Both trained and untrained traditional birth attendants are excluded.
Source: Antenatal Care in Developing Countries: Promises, Achievements and Missed Opportunities. An Analysis of Trends, Levels and Differentials, 1990-2001. New York, United Nations Children's Fund, and Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003. http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/
Percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel* (excluding trained or untrained traditional birth attendants).
*Skilled health personnel refers to doctor (specialist or non-specialist), and/or persons with midwifery skills who can manage normal deliveries and diagnose or refer obstetric complications. Both trained and untrained TBAs are excluded.
Source: Skilled Attendant at Delivery, 2003 Estimates. Geneva, Global Monitoring and Evaluation, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 2004
http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/
Number of facilities with functioning basic essential obstetric care* per 500 000 population.
*Basic essential obstetric care should include parenteral antibiotics, oxytocics and sedatives for eclampsia, and the manual removal of placenta and retained products.
No data available.
Number of facilities with functioning comprehensive essential obstetric care* per 500 000 population.
*Comprehensive essential obstetric care should include basic EOC plus surgery, anaesthesia and blood transfusion.
No data available.
Number of perinatal deaths* per 1000 total births.
*Deaths occurring during late pregnancy (at 22 completed weeks gestation and over), during childbirth and up to seven completed days of life.
Data under development
Percentage of live births that weigh less than 2500 g.
Source: Low Birth Weight in 2000: Global, Regional and Country Incidence. Estimates developed by UNICEF and WHO.
New York, Statistics and Monitoring, United Nations Children's Fund, and Geneva, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 2004 (in press).
Percentage of pregnant women aged 15-24 attending antenatal clinics, whose blood has been screened for syphilis, with positive serology for syphilis.
No data available
Percentage of women of reproductive age (15-49) screened for haemoglobin levels with levels below 110 g/l for pregnant women and 120 g/l for non-pregnant women.
Data under development
Percentage of all cases admitted to service delivery points, providing in-patient obstetric and gynaecological services, which are due to abortion (spontaneous and induced, but excluding planned termination of pregnancy).
Data under development
Percentage of women interviewed in a community survey, reporting themselves to have undergone FGM.
Source: Female Genital Mutilation, An overview. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1998.
http://www.who.int/frh-whd/FGM/
Percentage of women of reproductive age (15-49) at risk of pregnancy (not pregnant, sexually active, non-contracepting and non-lactating) who report trying for a pregnancy for two years or more.
No data available
Percentage of men aged 15-49 interviewed in a community survey, reporting episodes of urethritis in the last 12 months.
No data available
Percentage of pregnant women aged 15-24 attending antenatal clinics, whose blood has been screened for HIV, who are sero-positive for HIV.
No data available
The percentage of all respondents who correctly identify all three major ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV and who reject three major misconceptions about HIV transmission or prevention.
No data available
Estimated number of deaths to women while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration or the site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes.
Source: Maternal Mortality in 2000, Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004. (in press).
http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/
The estimated risk of an individual woman dying from pregnancy or childbirth during her lifetime, based on maternal mortality and the fertility rate in the country.
Source: Maternal Mortality in 2000, Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004. (in press).
http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/
Percentage of deaths to women of reproductive age (15-49) that are maternal deaths.
Source: Maternal Mortality in 2000, Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004. (in press).
http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/
Estimated percentage of the adult population aged 15-49 living with HIV/AIDS*.
To calculate the adult HIV prevalence rate, the estimated number of adults aged 15-49 living with HIV/AIDS at the end of the year is divided by the adult population aged 15-49 of that year.
*These estimates include all people with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS, alive at the end of the year.
Source: Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic, 2002. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2002.
http://www.unaids.org/